Following on from the previous posting on rejecting an ethical-doctrinal dualism, Theodore Jennings Jr’s comments on the ethical project seem apt.
In theological ethics, it is generally unwise to approach specific ethical dilemmas in the absence of a wider perspective that will help reveal what may be at stake or even how a particular issue may be helpfully framed. Moreover, theological ethics is productively conceived not as problem solving but as forming a worldview and a set of dispositions that enable believers to respond to their world in ways that embody basic faith values.Jennings, Theodore W., Jr. “Theological Anthropology and the Human Genome Project.” In Adam, Eve, and the Genome : The Human Genome Project and Theology, ed. Susan Brooks Thistlethwaite, 93-111. Minneapolis: Fortress Press, 2003.
Often, it seems we’re looking for a Christian response to a specific problem that faces us - wisdom for the moment. If we reject the ethical-doctrinal dualism, then Jennings approach of an integrated worldview that the believer(s) operates within seems helpful. Determining a series of “cases” or “rules” of how to “behave” in various specific situations can lead to inflexibility in the face of new problems. We should instead develop a flexible framework that allows engagement quickly and consistently. This is not to say that the initial engagement may not need further refinement and theological reflection at a later date.
The “What Would Jesus Do?” approach is on attempt to do something like this. Effectively a form of imatatio Dei, it attempts to have the individual (primarily) ask what course of action to take based upon an understanding of what Jesus’ basic faith values were, and how they were manifested on earth. The effectiveness of the approach depends, of course, upon the understanding of what Jesus’ key values actually are. Which means that without “doctrinal” components - “What did Jesus say?”, “What did Jesus do?”, and “What did Jesus mean?” - the approach isn’t deep enough to be helpful and one might fall back on “folk theology” or “proof-texting“.
Furthermore, understanding Jesus Christ as moral example (if that’s how you’re going to treat WWDJ?) is rooted in wider theological reflection. For example, how does our understanding of the Incarnation supply wisdom for ethical living today? How do our understandings of creation, eschatology, humanity, sin, the death and resurrection of Jesus Christ interact with WWJD?
Building a robust framework seems to me to be key for then engaging with situations both envisaged and not envisaged by the biblical writers. The problem then becomes making it simple enough to be applied in day-to-day life, while rich enough to handle highly specialised situations. (Not that I’m implying a “simple/rich” dualism.)